When we need to introduce the reported speech we typically use some common verbs, like say, tell, shout:
He told us of his extraordinary childhood.
Он рассказал нам о своем необыкновенном детстве.
"I'll see you tomorrow," shouted Eleni above the noise of the helicopter.
"Увидимся завтра", — крикнула Элени, перекрывая шум вертолета.
But what if we go a little deeper and learn a couple of more interesting verbs about how people speak, which can also be used in reported speech? They all show different shades of speech and help us enrich our vocabulary.
First, there goes a very formal one. It may seem a little old-fashioned as well and it means to say something or to make a sound with your voice. It is often used in negative sentences and in Russian to utter /ˈʌ.t̬ɚ/ is «промолвить», «изречь»:
She sat through the whole meeting without uttering a word.
Она просидела всю встречу, не произнеся ни слова.
He could only stammer, reiterating the syllables, and failing to utter a single word plainly.
Он мог только заикаться, повторяя слоги и не в состоянии внятно произнести ни единого слова.
The second group are verbs of speaking quietly — whisper and murmur. Let's look at the difference in meaning and context.
Murmur /ˈmɝː.mɚ/ means to speak or say something very quietly or to complain about something that you disagree with or dislike, but not in a public way. In Russian you would say that it's «бормотать», «ворчать», «говорить шёпотом».
He was murmuring to himself.
Он что-то бормотал себе под нос.
And the verb whisper /ˈwɪs.pɚ/ has the following meaning — to speak very quietly, using the breath but not the voice, so that only the person close to you can hear you. The translation is «прошептать».
She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
Она наклонилась и что-то прошептала ему на ухо.
There are two more verbs to show that the speaker was incomprehensible. Mumble /ˈmʌm.bəl/ — to speak quietly and in a way that is not clear so that the words are difficult to understand or «бубнить», «мямлить», «бормотать».
She mumbled something, repeated it, and the warden gathered that she was looking for her teeth which she thought she had left under the pillow.
Она что-то пробормотала, повторила это, и надзиратель понял, что она искала свои зубы, которые, как она думала, оставила под подушкой.
Mutter /ˈmʌt.ɚ/ means to speak quietly and in a low voice that is not easy to hear, often when you are worried or complaining about something — «буркнуть», «говорить невнятно»:
He muttered that we did not ask him.
Он пробормотал, что мы его не спрашивали.
The third group are verbs which can be used to introduce fast and indistinct speech.
To babble /ˈbæb.əl/ means «пролепетать», «промямлить», «говорить невнятно», «трепаться» or to talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited, or silly way:
The children babbled excitedly among themselves.
Дети возбужденно переговаривались между собой.
Ramble /ˈræm.bəl/ (in speech) — «говорить бессвязно», «забалтываться», «перескакивать с одного на другое» or to talk or write in a confused way, often for a long time:
It was hard to listen to her ramble on and on about her vacation.
Было тяжело слушать, как она без умолку болтает о своем отпуске.
Splutter /ˈsplʌt.ɚ/ — to speak in a quick and confused way, producing short, unclear noises because of surprise, anger, etc. In Russian it means «говорить быстро и бессвязно», «лопотать», «брызгать слюной».
"But, er ... when, um, ... how?" he spluttered.
"Но, э-э... когда, эм... как? — пролепетал он.
And some more verbs to use in a situation when the speaker is hard to understand, angry, nervous, in pain, etc:
Grunt /ɡrʌnt/ — (of a person) to make a short, low sound instead of speaking, usually because of anger or pain. In Russian you can say it's «пробурчать», «хмыкнуть/крякнуть» (о человеке).
He put the finishing touch and grunted with satisfaction.
Он нанес последний штрих и удовлетворенно хмыкнул.
Slur /slɝː/ — to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way that is wrong or not clear: «говорить заплетающимся языком», «проглатывать звуки», «говорить неразборчиво».
Her speech was slurred but she still denied she was drunk.
Ее речь была невнятной, но она по-прежнему отрицала, что была пьяна.
Spit /spɪt/ — to say or shout words quickly and angrily or in Russian «выплюнуть», «раздражённо/зло бросить», «выпалить».
He took off his boot, freed his hand, untied the gag, and spit with a hiss. "I said, I know this place."
Он снял ботинок, освободил руку, развязал кляп и с шипением сплюнул. "Я сказал, я знаю это место".
Spit it out! — used to tell someone to start speaking or to speak more quickly, when they are unwilling to speak or are speaking slowly. You can translate it as «Выкладывай!».
Come on, spit it out, who told you about this?
Давай, выкладывай, кто тебе об этом рассказал?
Stammer /ˈstæm.ɚ/ — to speak or say something with unusual pauses or repeated sounds, either because of speech problems or because of fear or nervousness which means to «заикаться», «произносить с запинкой».
He dialled 999 and stammered (out) his name and address.
Он набрал 999 и, запинаясь, назвал свое имя и адрес.
So now you know a lot more verbs to express different emotions and how people talk.
Оставьте заявку и мы подберём удобное расписание для вашего обучения